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The Physiology of the Joints: The Trunk and the Vertebral Column, Volume 3 (Trunk & Vertebral Column) I. A. Kapandji
Publisher: Churchill Livingstone

€�The forward slippage of one vertebral body (and the remainder of the spinal column above it) in relation to the vertebral segment immediately below is referred to as a spondylolisthesis. 3, the Trunk and the Vertebral Column) by: I. The Physiology of the Joints: Lower Limb, Volume 2. Although scoliosis is characterized by lateral deviation of the spine, a 3D deformation actually is responsible for geometric and morphologic changes in the trunk and rib cage [3]. Keim H Melamed A; SPONDYLOLYSIS AND SPONDYLOLISTHESIS ARE NOT CONGENITAL; Wisconsin Medical Journal; March 1965; 64:130-3. Download The Physiology of the Joints: The Trunk and the Vertebral Column, Volume 3 (Trunk & Vertebral Column) pdf. 3, the Trunk and the Vertebral Column). Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · Volume 6 . Brachyolmia was a term coined in 1969 by Maroteaux for a group of bone dysplasias which displayed short trunk short stature, with radiological involvement of the spine and no significant abnormalities of the long bones [7]. Kapandji IA; The Physiology of the Joints; Volume Three, The Trunk and the Vertebral Column; Churchill Livingstone; 1974. David Gorman (1981) The Body Moveable, Volume 1 : The head and trunk. The intervertebral disc (IVD) is composed of 3 main structures, the collagenous annulus fibrosus (AF), which surrounds the gel-like nucleus pulposus (NP), and hyaline cartilage endplates, which are attached to the vertebral bodies. Kapandji (2008) Physiology of the Joints, Volume 3: The trunk and vertebral column. AD brachyolmia always showed slightly different features from the recessive types, with a much more severe involvement of the spine, progressive scoliosis and abnormalities in the cervical vertebrae too [7]. Vertebral malformations most commonly include hemivertebrae (half of a vertebrae), additional vertebrae, vertebral bar (an abnormality of vertebral separation during development), butterfly, and wedge-shaped vertebrae illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.